We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Dining table cuatro Association between dowry/bride-to-be speed (paid back from the inside-rules regarding siblings, other people from the village and you will area) and you may wife’s reputation about marital house (OLS)
cuatro.3 Discussion and you will robustness checks
From inside the choosing the brand new ladies standing on the marital home, the end result of the online dowry (dowry minus bride-to-be rate) will get number. Observe that the degree of deferred mehr is roofed by themselves out-of the online dowry since the previous is not paid except if breakup takes place and cannot qualify possessions delivered into wedding. The outcome recommend that the new assets produced on the ount) augment her choice-and come up with fuel and you may liberty. Such positive associations are not stunning since the brand new associations of bride rate paid off during relationship focus on avoid to the ones from dowry in the primary estimations.
Maybe, an elevated decades or training improvement you’ll deteriorate the brand new wife’s condition from the relationship house. And additionally age change including knowledge difference (replacement brand new partner’s ages and you will degree) cannot change the chief effects, while the coefficients of these variables are not significant (Appendix Desk 9, Panel B).
The newest estimation procedure are repeated by the replacement dowry and you can fiance rates which have online dowry (Appendix Desk nine, Panel An excellent)
You to definitely you will believe exactly how many many years because matrimony are important because the outcome off dowry (or fiance price) will be higher appropriate wedding. Together with age as ount of dowry (replacement female’s decades at the marriage) magnifies the bottom effectation of dowry during the women’s autonomy however, decreases the magnitude together with benefit height during the ladies’ decision-making (Appendix Desk nine, Panel C). This implies you to a more impressive dowry advances the wife’s independency when you look at the new relationship household immediately following relationship; not, the fresh association isn’t somewhat influenced by the passage of decades given that relationship.
Zero measure of gender ideology is https://brightwomen.net/no/kosta-rican-kvinner/ roofed in the main estimation because of endogeneity questions. One might argue that introduction of such steps could possibly get weaken the newest organization ranging from dowry and you may women’s updates regarding the relationship household. Although we try not to reject the possibility that tastes and you can ideological philosophy about the gender relationships commonly inherent and alter along the relationship existence, brand new quote process is regular of the and a couple measures to possess young man preference: the initial changeable equals one to if wife’s finest quantity of sons are higher than that daughters as well as the 2nd translates to one when the wife wants to render higher education in order to sons as opposed to to daughters. Managing having gender ideology doesn’t considerably impact the chief estimate overall performance (Appendix Dining table nine, Committee D). Amazingly, ladies decision-making is actually absolutely of the child liking. Although not, it’s negatively from the preference getting getting degree so you can sons than daughters. A prospective interpretation is that highly knowledgeable female can be up against gender inequality in the studies and get a whole lot more empowered throughout the relationship home but prefer which have a great deal more sons than simply daughters. It appears in line with specific existing education proving that son liking is more prevalent among highly experienced feminine instead of uneducated female within the Southern Asia (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and Preston 1991).
